The Themes and Narration Techniques of Everyday Use by...

The Themes and Narration Techniques of Everyday Use by Alice Walker Everyday Use, by Alice Walker, was first published in 1973. The story opens as Maggie and her mother, a black farm woman, await a visit from Maggies older sister, Dee, and a man who may be her husband--her mother is not sure whether they are actually married. Dee, who was always scornful of her familys way of life, has gone to college and now seems almost as distant as a film star. Maggie, who is not bright and who bears severe burn scars from a house fire many years before, is even more intimidated by her glamorous sibling. The central theme of the story concerns the way in which an individual--Dee--understands her present life in relation to the†¦show more content†¦While she now rejects the names of her immediate ancestors, she eagerly values their old handmade goods, such as the hand-carved benches made for the table when the family could not afford to buy chairs. To Dee, artifacts such as the benches or the quilts are strictly aesthetic objects. It never occurs to her t hat they, too, are symbols of oppression--her family made these things because they could not afford to buy them. Her admiration for them now seems to reflect a cultural trend toward valuing handmade objects, rather than any sincere interest in her heritage. After all, when she was offered a quilt before she went away to college, she rejected it as old-fashioned, out of style. Dee is not the only one confused about the heritage of the black woman in the rural South. Although the mother and Maggie are skeptical of Dee, they recognize the limitations of their own lives. The mother has only a second-grade education and admits that she cannot imagine looking a strange white man in the eye. Maggie knows she is not bright and walks with a sidelong shuffle. Although their dispositions lead them to make the best of their lives, they admire Dees fierce pride even as they feel the force of her scorn. It is the mothers point of view which permits the readers understanding of both Dee and Maggi e. Both young women might seem stereotypical--one a smart but ruthless college girl, the other a sweet but ineffectual homebody. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning of Everyday Use with Characterization1495 Words   |  6 Pagesof Everyday Use with Characterization Analyzing characterization is the key to find fictions controlling idea and central insight--theme. Direct presentation--one character description technique--usually directly shows what characters are like by exposition, analysis, or another characters description. The other way to shape characters is to use the indirect presentation by describing their actions and leaving room for readers to develop their own ideas about the characters. Everyday UseRead MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 PagesAlice Walker: Peeling an Essence As an African- American novelist, short–story writer, essayist, poet, critic, and editor, Alice Walker’s plethora of literary works examines many aspects of African American life as well as historical issues that are further developed by Walker’s unique point of view. Writers like Alice Walker make it possible to bring words and emotions to voices and events that are often silenced. Far from the traditional image of the artist, she has sought what amounts to a

The Importance Of Nature Vs. Nurture, Culture And Gender,...

Influence paper Patricia Dominguez Professor: Jeannine Lombardi Class: ECE 102-003 Date: September 13, 2016 On this task I will be addressing the importance of Nature Vs. Nurture, Culture and Gender, and finally family involvement throughout the developing years of an infant. The developmental years in a child s life is classified under NAEYC 1b. The first standard has helped me understand the importance of making the student feel safe. It has made me understand that making bonds with the students is as equally as important as making the bonds between parent and child stronger. Reading and analysing articles, in depth, has made realize that a teacher’s role is not only teaching the student, but also get to know them as human beings. By knowing their strengths and their weaknesses, one could figure out different ways to help a child learn .Knowing their level of intelligence could help me as a teacher figure what I have to spend more time on during class and if the student needs, out of class time, help. During the research of this paper I have learned many things. I started out believing that I knew most of the things the paper required; I was wrong. I learned how to approach students that are having difficulties processing information and different environments. Family Involvement Being, deeply, involved in an infant’s life can shape them to have a better future. Being involved means being there for the infant. Going to their school presentations, sportShow MoreRelatedFactors Related to Students Performance in Nat13438 Words   |  54 Pagesfacilities that is free from risks and a well-sounded classroom instructions. Researchers will examine relationships between several variables and students’ performance. 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Natural Law and Human Rights Free Essays

string(65) " the justification of existing authority as a revolt against it\." Introduction Human rights have roots deep in the mists of time yet the term itself dates back barely sixty years to the international discussions preceding the founding of the United Nations. Since 1945, the scope of human rights has been elaborated and the concept now permeates the fabric of international society. Although human rights issues continue to be debated and contested, the longer history of human rights is often unexamined and even forgotten. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Law and Human Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now Human rights, rather than being a 20th century phenomenon, marks both a culmination of and a transition from the Western natural law and natural rights traditions. Human rights are rights possessed by people simply as, and because they are human beings. The term has only come into common currency during the 20th century. Rights are not the same thing as standards of behaviour punishable or required by rules, which can be fundamentally unfair to individuals, or used to oppress minority interests. Human rights are rights and freedomsto which all humans are entitled. Proponents of the concept usually assert that everyone is endowed with certain entitlements merely by reason of being human. Human rights are thus conceived in a universalist and egalitarian fashion. However, there is no consensus as to the precise nature of what in particular should or should not be regarded as a human right in any of the preceding senses, and the abstract concept of human rights has been a subject of intense philosophical debate and criticism. Natural law has objective, external existence. It follows from the ESS (evolutionary stable strategy) for the use of force that is natural for humans and similar animals. The ability to make moral judgments, the capacity to know good and evil, has immediate evolutionary benefits. It evolved in the same way, for the same straightforward and uncomplicated reasons, as our ability to throw rocks accurately. Donald looks at the meaning of natural law from four perspectives. The medieval/legal definition: Natural law cannot be defined in the way that positive law is defined, and to attempt to do so plays into the hands of the enemies of freedom. Natural law is best defined by pointing at particular examples, as a biologist defines a species by pointing at a particular animal, a type specimen preserved in formalin. The historical state of nature definition: Natural law is that law which corresponds to a spontaneous order in the absence of a state and which is enforced, in the absence of better methods, by individual unorganised violence, in particular the law that historically existed, in so far as any law existed, during the dark ages among the mingled barbarians that overran the Roman Empire. The medieval / philosophical definition: Natural law is that law, which it is proper to uphold by unorganised individual violence, whether a state is present or absent, and for which, in the absence of orderly society, it is proper to punish violators by unorganized individual violence. The scientific/ socio-biological/ game theoretic/ evolutionary definition: Natural law is, or follows from, an ESS for the use of force: Conduct which violates natural law is conduct such that, if a man were to use individual unorganised violence to prevent such conduct, or, in the absence of orderly society, use individual unorganised violence to punish such conduct, then such violence would not indicate that the person using such violence, is a danger to a reasonable man. The concept of natural rights arises from the belief that there is an instinctive human ability to distinguish right from wrong. Hugo Grotius believed that people have a ‘right reason’ for doing things. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Immanuel Kant were supporters of natural rights theories, suggesting that we have basic fundamental rights because we are born human. Natural law thinkers see rights as universal and inalienable. Natural rights theories have been the inspiration behind ideas and democratic struggles, forcing politics to protect the rights of citizens. Natural rights theories imply that all human beings are equal and should be treated equally. The demand for equality before the law in individual states is synonymous with the development of international human rights law.It is therefore correct assertion to point out to the fact that human rights have evolved from natural rights as depicted by natural law theories. This paper will trace the changes and continuities of debates and claims about rights throughout the late medieval and early modern periods in order to explore how rights are historically asserted, justified, and defended. It will also delve into the transformation of rights, from natural to human. Human Rights and the Legal Theories The origins of international human rights lie in philosophical discussions evolved through the centuries. The theories of both Locke and Rousseau suffer from their failure to explain how the supreme right of the majority can go together with the inalienable rights of the individual. (Read the fact that legal theories fail to come down on the side of either democratic or autocratic principles of the government.) Historically, the assertion of natural rights has often been linked with a revolt against state, authority and a humanitarian belief in the equality and dignity of all men. This is true of the legal philosophy of Stoics or of Kant. (The idea of equality of men often causes democrats to be internationalists.) The history of natural law is a tale of the search of mankind for absolute justice and of its failure. Again and again, in its course of the last 2500 years, the idea of natural law has appeared, in some form of the other, as an expression of the search for an ideal higher than positive law after having been rejected and derided in the interval. With changing social and political conditions the notions about natural law have changed. The only thing that has remained constant is the appeal to something higher than positive law. The object of that appeal has been as often the justification of existing authority as a revolt against it. You read "Natural Law and Human Rights" in category "Essay examples" Natural law has fulfilled many functions. It has been the principle instrument in the transformation of the old civil law of the Romans into a broad and cosmopolitan system; it has been a weapon used by both sides in the fight between the medieval church and the German emperors; in its name the validity of international law has been asserted, and the appeal for freedom of the individual against absolutism launched. Again it was by appeal to principles of natural law that American judges, professing to interpret the constitution, resisted the attempt of state legislation to modify and restrict the unfettered economic freedom of the individual. Natural law has, at different times, been used to support almost any ideology; but the most important and lasting theories of natural law have undoubtedly been inspired by the two ideas, of a universal order governing all men, and the inalienable rights of the individual. Greeks Greeks were more interested in the philosophical foundations of law rather than its technical development. Though there were bodies of fundamental laws in the classical period, little attention was paid to the idea of universal law. Plato laid the foundations for much of subsequent speculation on natural law though he had nothing to say as such on natural law. His republic was based on substitution for law of the philosopher-king which partook of the divine wisdom but remained uncommunicable to lesser mortals. Aristotle was also not interested in natural law. Natural law as a universal system in Greek World came into the fore with the decline of the city state and the rise of large empires and kingdoms. For this stoic philosophers were responsible. They stressed the ideas of individual worth, moral duty and universal brotherhood Stoicism passed over and influenced over to and influenced Roman thought especially Cicero who defined natural (true) law as â€Å"right reason in agreement with nature†. Medieval Period The existence of a body of basic rights can be traced back to the early thirteenth century in Europe and has featured predominantly in different schools of thought since then. Its origins basically lie in the philosophical discourse with concepts such as liberty and even â€Å"rights†. This was a period when theology of the Catholic Church set the tone and pattern of all speculative thought. The theology was bedevilled by the notion that law and human domination were rooted in sin until Aquinas in the 13thCentury. Aquinas admits that human law, which derives its validity from natural law changes with human circumstances and human reason. Human rights are linked to the rule of law, a concept that imposes inherent limitations on the exercise of absolute power by a sovereign. The rule of law in turn links to the theories of natural law and to an extent religious doctrines. The right to expect rulers to be fair and reasonable, with limited authority in respect to the private lives and of their subjects, translating to the rule of law was first enshrined in paper in England in what is referred to as the Magna Carta of 1215. It enshrined a number of principles which now fall within the broad ambit of human rights, including the principle of equality before the law, a right to property and an element of religious freedom, albeit such rights extended only to nobles. The Declaration of Arbroath in Scotland in 132o, unlike the Magna Carta spoke of the profound right to liberty, rating it above glory, honour, and riches. Renaissance, Reformation and Counter-Reformation The renaissance led to an emphasis on the individual and free will and human liberty and a rejection of the universal collective society of medieval Europe in favour of independent national states, and, where the reformation followed, separate national churches. The 16th century also saw the revival of Thomism, a revival of crucial importance for the development of modern natural law theory of the state led by Victoria and Suarez. They took their way of thinking from Aquinas; it was not possible to neglect the law of nature since all men from beginning of creation have been subject to it. The social contract ideologies associated with Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau are also traced to the 16th century. Secularisation of Natural Law The secularisation of natural law is usually held to begin with Grotius. He inaugurated a new era in natural law thinking by his assertion that natural law would subsist even if God did not exist.His main concern was to establish a system of international law to regulate the affairs and warfare of the rising nation states. Natural Law and Social Contract In Hobbes, the social contract is used in defence of absolutism while in Locke in support of limited constitutionalism. Natural law does not loom large in Hobbe’s thinking, except for the fact that he expressed the main precept of natural law in terms of man’s right to self preservation. To Locke the state of nature that preceded the social contact was not, as conceived by Hobbes, one of brutal horror, but rather a golden age, an Eden before the fall. Rousseau’s political theory has weak links to natural law. The general will has come almost to replace the higher law standard that natural law has typically represented. The emergence of human rights as part of modern domestic law therefore dates back at least to John Locke’s Two Treatises on Civil Government. In 1690, Locke argued that governments were bound in a covenant with the governed to protect an individual’s natural rights to life, liberty, and property. The 1688 Bill of Rights of England and Wales In 1688, the Bill of Rights of England and Wales mentioned minimal rights though with little substance. Whatever the case, these early documents connect as to the evolution of human rights. They show that the thinking of the masses then was directed towards human rights as much as ours is today. The 18th 19th Centuries: Revolutions and Rights Though Vico, Herder and Montesquieu, refuted the idea of a universal natural law common to all mankind due to increase in secularism and rationalism, it is during these two centuries that many philosophers and thinkers focussed on the idea of natural rights, rights which should be enjoyed by all humans. A corpus of basic rights to be afforded to all mankind was an obvious result of such thinking. That corpus found legal expression at the close of the 18th Century. The United States and France adopted statements on rights when proclaiming the independence of the former British North American colonies and when establishing the first French Republic following the 1789 revolution. The United States Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments which were ratified on December 1791, were a big leap into realisation of human rights. The American Bill of Rights refers to freedom of religion, due process and fair trial,and freedom of person and property. The French Declaration was inspired by the United States Declaration of Independence, though predates the Bill of Rights. It begins by stating that me nare born free and are equal in rights. Liberty is defined as being able to do anything that does not harm others. It also touches on rule of law issues such as a fair trial process.Others to be expounded are right to free communication and taxation issues. The rights enumerated by the American Bill of Rights and the French Declaration have modern equivalents in human rights instruments. This was another major step in conversion of human rights from theories and thoughts into real legal instruments that could be enforced and followed. It is arguable that 18th century developments as pertains development of human rights were better those of the 19thcentury where the influential theory of positivism meant that only states had rights in the international arena because of their legal status as subjects of international law rather than individuals whowere viewed as objects of international law. Challenges of Universality of Human Rights How can different countries and cultures have the same problems and valuesThis is the main contention to opponents of universality of human rights. The objections to natural law as a basis for rights are long-standing. It is not difficult, of course, to demonstrate that all human beings share certain characteristics. But finding those that constitute the â€Å"essence† of being human and are of sufficient import to serve as a rationale for rights is a bit harder. Universality is one of the key essentials of human rights. All human beings are holders of human rights, independent from what they do, where they come from, where they live and from their inter alia, national citizenship, and their community. The universality of human rights is embedded in and also influenced by the other characteristics of human rights: human rights are categorical, egalitarian, individual, fundamental and indivisible. Kirchschlaeger,asserts that human rights struggle with particular interests. States claim the priority of their sovereignty over the universality of human rights and the private sector claims self-regulating approaches and uses this to define its sphere ofinfluence within certain limits. This challenge is part of the political and legal dimension of human rights and as a consequence of the moral dimension of human rights as well. In this regard, one can recognize a positive tendency of acceptance of human rights by states, a growth of an international institutionalization for the protection of human rights and a progress of the mechanisms for monitoring human rights performances by states to respect the universality of human rights and some small steps by the corporate world. At the same time, it has to be stated that the implementation of human rights is not yet there where it should be, and that the vast majority of human beings are still victims of violations of their human rights . The universality is still a claim, not reality. Human rights are challenged by cultural diversity as well. This challenge is taking place in the moral dimension of human rights. Although the UN Conference in Vienna 1993 reconfirmed the validity of the universality of human rights, the universality faced critics from different quarters because of its alleged western origin. Countries like China, Venezuela and those in the Arab world human rights as too westernized. Currently, an ongoing case against some Kenyan politicians at the International Criminal Court has added to the rant. In seeking a referral of the case by the Security Council, Kenya has the Support of China, Russia and the African countries but the US, UK and France who wield veto powers do not support the bid. This has been seen as a western effort to intrude into Kenyan sovereignty using human rights as a disguise. Religions, cultures, traditions, world views and beliefs benefit indirectly from the human right to freedom of religions and belief. This right enables and enhances the authentic practice of an individual and so the peaceful coexistence of religions, cultures, traditions and world views and the dialogue between them. It is an achievement of humanity to protect this variety. A show of universality of human rights was when the UN Security Council, announced a no flying zone in Libya and with the support of the Arab League, France, US and the UK moved to avert deaths of Libyan civilians by bombing strategic points to immobilize Gaddafi troops. Nickel, observes that the achievements of the human rights movement in have shown both that the optimistic beliefs of proponents of universality were not entirely without foundation and how difficult it is to create genuine international agreement about how governments should behave. Globalization promotes joint ventures between people from different and sharing of ideas or views, thus promoting the development of shared standards. Toespraak views the criticism of universality with skeptism. He argues that although sometimes the concerns are sincere, sometimes they are simply being abused to hide domestic shortcomings or they serve opportunistic political agendas. Recent initiatives at the UN, both in the General Assembly and in the Human Rights Council, such as the Russian initiative to promote the concept of traditional values, the Cuban initiative on cultural diversity, and the Pakistani proposals on interreligious dialogue, are slow but inhis view sure attempts to weaken the fundaments of universal rights. Some states have argued for a classification based on differences in culture, religion and development In the Universal Periodic Review process. This is all reason for growing concern according to him Period after World War II and Development of International Law World War II gave impetus to the modern development of basic principles of human rights and to the general acceptance of the idea that the human rights practices of individual countries toward their own citizens are legitimate matters of international concern. The 1945 United Nations Charter included a general commitment to respect for human rights, but it was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 that provided the basic statement of what have become widely accepted international human rights standards.[2] After World War II, the term human rights came into wide use replacing the earlier phrase â€Å"natural rights,† which had been associated with the Greco-Roman concept of natural law since the end of the Middle Ages. As understood today, human rights refer to a wide variety of values and capabilities reflecting the diversity of human circumstances and history. They are conceived of as universal, applying to all human beings everywhere, and as fundamental, referring to essential or basic human needs. Modern international conceptions of human rights can be traced to the aftermath of World War II and the foundation of the United Nations. [1]The rights espoused in the UN charter would be codified in the International Bill of Human Rights, composing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights The Universal Declaration was bifurcated into treaties, a Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and another on social, economic, and cultural rights, due to questions about the relevance and propriety of economic and social provisions in covenants on human rights. The covenants provide for the right to self-determination and to sovereignty over natural resources. The drafters of the Covenants initially intended only one instrument. The original drafts included only political and civil rights, but economic and social rights were also proposed. The disagreement over which rights were basic human rights resulted in there being two covenants. The debate was whether economic and social rights are aspirational, as contrasted with basic human rights which all people possess purely by being human, because economic and social rights depend on wealth and the availability of resources. In addition, which social and economic rights should be recognised depends on ideology or economic theories, in contrast to basic human rights, which are defined purely by the nature (mental and physical abilities) of human beings. It was debated whether economic rights were appropriate subjects for binding obligations and whether the lack of consensus over such rights would dilute the strength of political-civil rights. There was wide agreement and clear recognition that the means required to enforce or induce compliance with socio-economic undertakings were different from the means required for civil-political rights. From what I have discussed above, we can say that human rights have been classified historically in terms of the notion of three â€Å"generations† of human rights. The first generation of civil and political rights, associated with the Enlightenment and the English, American, and French revolutions, includes the rights to life and liberty and the rights to freedom of speech and worship. The second generation of economic, social, and cultural rights, associated with revolts against the predations of unregulated capitalism from the mid-19th century, includes the right to work and the right to an education. Finally, the third generation of solidarity rights, associated with the political and economic aspirations of developing and newly decolonized countries after World War II, includes the collective rights to political self-determination and economic development. Since then numerous other treaties have been offered at the international level. They are generally known as human rights instruments. Some of the most significant are: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women United Nations Convention Against Torture Convention on the Rights of the Child International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families There are also regional human rights instruments such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights. Human rights principles, policy, and practices became an increased focus of popular and public attention during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Several influential nongovernmental organizations were formed during this period to monitor and report on human rights matters. In the late 20th century ad hoc international criminal tribunals were convened to prosecute serious human rights violations and other crimes in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The International Criminal Court, which came into existence in 2002, is empowered to prosecute crimes against humanity, crimes of genocide, and war crimes.[1] Conclusion From the foregoing, it can be concluded that, Human laws are subordinate to natural law; some need more guidance to achieve a virtuous life than others; these people can only be compelled to behave well through human law; reason can be good, but it may be used to exploit base desires and cruelty – linking human law to natural law and natural law is used as a set of general first principles under which human law is made using reason. Using natural reason leads to creation of good human law to deal with the needs of practical situations not expressly covered by natural law. Human rights have come a long way to not only receive recognition by individual states, but also at the international arena .Universal validity of human rights norms under the current state of international law, does not permit a denial of the universal character of the human rights laws. When implementing human rights, within the context of the principle of universality, there is room for interpretation. The international community should define the scope or variations. Supervision of the implementation of human rights should be conducted by impartial, independent international bodies and not by individual states, as each state has its own particular views on fundamental rights and freedoms which are shaped by different historical developments. Another major development in the field of human rights is the general acceptance of the principle that human rights are no longer an exclusive domestic affair of states but a legitimate concern of the international community. This principle also reinforces the principle of universality. It is incorporated in the Declaration of the Vienna Conference which was adopted by consensus. With the 21st century bringing in more in the spheres of technological developments and unified world, we can only wait and see to what level human rights can be pushed. As Haule puts it, although human rights have their origin from natural law, it took a system of positive law to provide a definite and systematic statement of the actual rights which people possessed. Bibliography Rhona K.M. Smith, Textbook on International Human Rights, 2004, Oxford University Press, 2nd Ed. W.Friedman, Legal Theory, 2008,Universal Law Publishing Co. 5th Ed. Freeman, Introduction to Jurisprudence, (2008) Sweet Maxwell, 8th Ed. Finer, V Bogdanor and B Rudden, Comparing Constitutions, (1995). Hegarty Leonard, Human Rights, An Agenda for the 21st Century, (1999) Cavendish Publishing. History of Universal Human Rights – Up to WW2 Article by Moira Rayner, appearing on http://www.universalrights.net/main/history.htm, accessed on 4th March, 2011. Human Rights, Wikipedia, Accessed 4 th March 2011, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right. Natural Law and Natural Rights, paper byJames A Donald, sourced from [email protected], accessed on 4 th March 2011. Australian Human Rights Commission, Human Rights Theories, Fact Sheet 3, 2009, accessed on 4th March 2010. Mark W Janis, sourced from http://law.jrank.org/pages/18657/Human-Rights-International-Law.html, accessed on 22nd March 2011. The Origin of Human Rights and the Challenge of Universality, excerpted from the book, Tainted Legacy 9/11 and the Ruin of Human Rights by William Schulz Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2003, paper. Sourced from http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Human_Rights/Origin_Human%20Rights_TL.html, accessed on 21st March 2011. Peter Kirchschlaeger, Universality of Human Rights. James Nickel, Human Rights and Globalisation, sourced from http://ivr-enc.info/index.php?title=Human_Rights_and_Globalization#Challenges_to_Universality, accessed on 21st March 2011. Toespraak, On the Universality of Human Rights in a Changing World, sourced from http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/toespraken/2010/05/03/on-the-universality-of-human-rights-in-a-changing-world.html, accessed on 21st March 2011. Romuald R Haule, Some Reflections on the Foundations of Human Rights, Max Planck UNYN, 10 (2006). How to cite Natural Law and Human Rights, Essay examples

The Cold War and Communism free essay sample

The nuclear war reminds me of those two because they can both be damaging and sometimes deadly but you have to take the proper precautions such as duck and cover it will make sure that you and our family and others are safe and sound. I know for a fact if had to be involved in the nuclear war or even a terrorist threat that I would be scared out of my mind but also while being scared I will also be thinking to myself l hope everything they taught us coming up in school about safety when it comes to bad weather and avoiding the terrorist has paid off so that can be safe as well as others because if not the outcome will not be good.The thought of knowing that something bad such as a nuclear war is coming but not knowing when it will occur is scary and that is how would feel about the clear war and the terrorist threat because I would be on alert or watching what is happening around me more which would make me paranoid. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cold War and Communism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I think of a nuclear war or a terrorist threat; I believe that everyone will take the proper safety measures to save their lives because they are both a threat to everyone. This movie reminds of the videos the fire department used to show in school and it would teach us to stop, drop, and roll.

How does the character of Willie Mossop develop through the course of the play Essay Example

How does the character of Willie Mossop develop through the course of the play Essay Willie Mossop is a shoe maker of a boot shop which is owned by Hobson. Hobson doesnt think much of Willie and he doesnt mind because he says, I am not ambitious that I know of. Willies character develops throughout the play from being a very poor unconfident man, to a rich and very confident man who is still humble and genuinely nice.As we enter the opening scene of the play we read that Hobson is nowhere to be seen indicating that he doesnt have anything to do with the running of his shop. His business is only successful because of Maggie who sells the boots very efficiently. We see evidence of that when she forces Albert to buy a pair of shoes when he comes to see Alice. When Hobson does finally enter the shop he gets very angry because he thinks that his daughters dont have the right attitude towards him saying they are uppish and dont act like proper women. This attitude of Hobsons changes immediately when Mrs. Hepworth enters his shop because she is a rich person and spends a lo t on shoes.She demands to see the maker of her boots and Willie is brought up to Mrs. Hepworth. She praises Willie to his face and says that if he ever leaves Hobsons he should go tell her so she can get her boots made by him. Hobson says, What does she want to praise a workman to his face for? We see that Hobson doesnt care much for, nor does he really appreciate, Willie and he doesnt realize how important Willie is to his business which he will regret later on.Hobson tells his daughters that he is going to choose husbands for them because they arent smart enough to do so by themselves. When he says that he excludes Maggie saying that she is already past marrying age which upsets Maggie, she decides that she should get a husband herself and get out of her life of misery. Maggie recognizes that Willie is her only way to get a life out of her present life and says to him, My brain and your hands ull make a working partnership. She asks him to marry her so that they can leave Hobsons and start their own shop.Maggie tells Willie to kiss her to seal their bond but Willie is too shy and runs into the cellar. At this point Maggies sisters enter and they say that youre mistaken if you think Ill own Willie Mossop for my brother-in-law. They say that he is too low class to join the family and that father wouldnt be happy about this. When Hobson enters the shop again and hears the news of Maggie and Willie he says that the only way to stop this marriage is too beat the love out of Willie. When Hobson strikes Willie, Willie is angered and takes Maggies hand. When Willie is hit again, Willie kisses Maggie and walks out of the shop with her.We see that Willie doesnt have much say in his marriage decision with Maggie but he would rather marry her than the girl he was tokened to because he was scared of her mother. This tells us that Willie isnt a very confident man but we also know that he is learning to be more confident when he leaves the shop with Maggie because Hobson h it him.When Willie and Maggie move out, Hobsons business begins to fail drastically. Alice and Vickey run the business and they make a mess of it because they dont have Maggies business intellect. When Maggie comes to the shop to invite her sisters to her wedding she tells them they have to accept Willie and kiss him to show it. After much protest they do kiss him and accept him as part of the family. They all go to their wedding and Maggie takes a brass ring for their marriage. Maggie still doesnt trust Willie enough thats why she doesnt give him the ring. Before they enter the church Maggie asks Willie if he actually loves her because she has respect for the church. Will says, Youre growing on me lass. Ill toe the line with you. This tells us that Willie now loves Maggie even though the marriage was originally a business agreement.Afterwards they all go to Willie and Maggies new house for the celebration. Maggie has been training Willie too read and write and he gives a wonderful speech to all of them which shocks them. Willies confidence has grown and you can tell that as he speaks directly to Maggie and he stops addressing Vicky and Alice as Miss. However, he still doesnt feel comfortable at being left alone with Maggie on their wedding night because he doesnt know what will happen. Hobson enters as Willies guests are about to leave and they have to hide and stay inside Willies house. This is a big moment in Willies character change as he talks directly to his old master as the new master of his own house. Aye, let him come inHobson has problems he needs to settle and wants to talk to Maggie about it. She says that Willie is her husband and if Hobson wants to talk he has to talk to both of them. This shows us that Maggie is making Willie an equal to Hobson by making Hobson have to talk to Willie and Maggie together.At the end of the play, a year later, when Maggie and Willie hear of Hobsons breakdown, they go to see how he is. Alice and Vickey are also the re to see their father but are more interested in his will. Willie talks directly and with a strong voice to Alice and Vickey stating he is an equal or even of higher status then them. Ill do the arranging, Alice. If we come here, we come here on my terms. Willie also brings Hobson down to earth about his business and offers him a partnership. Hobson tries to offer Willie his old job back but Willie says weve paid off Mrs. Hepworths loan and made a bit of brass on top of that. Willie has taken all of the high class customers from Hobson. Hobson is forced to agree as he doesnt have any other choice except Hobsons Choice referring to the title as he has only one choice which he has to take. Willie even stands up to Maggie when they are deciding on the name of the shop, Mossop or Hobson or its Oldfield Road for us, Maggie. Maggie gives in knowing that Willie has grown since their marriage and is now an equal to Maggie.Willie has transformed since he started to work. He has grown in con fidence yet still has held his humility as he agreed to have a partnership with Hobson and not leave him in his hour of need. Willie criticizes himself for being to harsh on Hobson but he is told he has done the right thing. Maggie and Willie are equal now and both take part equally in making decisions and Maggie now loves him more than she did when she originally saw him as a business opportunity. Willie also starts loving Maggie and they have combined marriage and business very well into a working partnership. I think Willie has grown well throughout the play. He stood up for himself at times when he needed to most and never grew arrogant and held his honesty, integrity and genuine warmth and caring.

Abortion8 essays

Abortion8 essays No one has the right to choose what is wrongAbraham Lincoln. Abortion is one of the most highly debated issues of our time. Several questions arise from the midst of this multi-faceted jumble of opinions, morals, and strongly held values. When does the fetus become a person, as opposed to a mass of tissue? Is abortion acceptable in some circumstances while not in others? These are points I will strive to clarify, and share my thoughts and beliefs on. My beliefs, briefly outlined, are as follows: a baby is a baby at the time of conception. It has all the rights of a child outside of the womb-including the right to live. Why do I believe that an unborn baby is a person? In the split second that sperm and egg unite to create a zygote, genetic codes are formed. These codes dictate a persons height, hair colour, eye colour, and even many personality traits. The blueprint for a human that will eventually be made up of over 64 trillion cells, all contained in a package no bigger than the point of a pin. Unborn babies are de-humanized by pro-choice activists. They use euphemisms to make the brutal dismemberment and killing of a human baby into termination of fetus. Try to find a pro-choice pamphlet that uses the word baby or person to describe what is being removed. The baby is often described as being merely tissue. Lets examine the reality of saying that a fetus is not alive. Sex can be determined in a preborn 3-7 days after fertilization. (Dr Jerome Lejeune M.D.) The human heart beats at 21 days. (Dr. William Liley, Foetologist) At 8 weeks a preborn is sensitive to touch and pain. (Human Development Resource Council Inc., 1996) Brain waves have been recorded in as early as 37 days. (Dr. William Liley, Foetologist) Fingerprints are detectable in preborns at 10 weeks. (Human Development Resource Council Inc., 1996) It has been found that fetal heart rate slows ...

Green House Emission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Green House Emission - Essay Example He has connected rise in population with the exploitation of resources. This has been stated as the core reason in the deterioration in the quality of the commons. All the other agents which affect the common resources are resultants of population explosion. Taking this approach into account, the arguments of Garret Hardin are holistic in terms of suggesting solutions in the management of the commons. The core argument that the paper makes is that there is no technical solution possible towards the problem of population. There are limitations to bringing in regulations to the rights of people in terms of utilizing resources. According to the author, what is important is to have mutually agreed understandings so that the limits of exploitation are maintained. The author begins the article by citing various proofs to the argument that technical solutions never solve certain problems. The thesis of the article is that the population problem is a task without a technical solution. The pe ripheral solution sought to tackle this problem has been thoroughly criticized by the author. He has quoted innovations like high yielding varieties of crops and large scale fishing as examples of technologies which was intended to cater for the increasing population but failed to do so. The gradual process of boundaries being created on the use of farmland and other resources has been described. The author refers to pollution as the counter reaction of over population. The arguments posed by the author are convincing as the observations made by him are proving to be true after more than forty years. It must be noted here that the article was written in 1968. The aftermaths of overexploitation of resources were not evidently observable in that period. Thus, in the event of climate change and all the other impacts caused on the environment due to overexploitation of resources, it can be stated that the author could foresee all that. It has been reported that as a consequence of over exploitation of resources, many mountain glaciers will be gone by mid-century; Glacier National Park, for example, will be likely to lose its glaciers by 2030 (Pew Center on Global Climate Change. Part 2, 2011) The basic thesis of the article is that the problem of population has relations with the freedom of breeding. Thus, the choice of people to have control over the usage of resources is the most feasible solution towards the equitable sharing of resources. A sense of mutual coercion has been recommended by the author in order to define to breed or not to breed. The decision to breed lies in the context of utilization of resources, in other terms, the decision to set one’s own limit in utilizing the resources of the nature. According to the author, it is the self-control which would regulate people in judicious use of common resources. The author has cited the case of cattle grazing on a pasture to explain this. Ideally, this is the right mechanism possible to regulate a community to maintain ethical boundaries. However, in the diverse and complicated social and economic setup of today’s world this policy may not be easy to follow. The basic issue here is that ethical understanding of various communities and regions towards the nature and optimal exploration of resources differs largely. It must be interesting to quote here that there are communities in the world which take a divine approach towards nature and use its resources with utmost care and

History of ECON 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of ECON 4 - Essay Example Social wealth comes from the production of economic goods in a capitalist economy (Heilbroner, 168). Organization of economic activities leads to division of labor among individuals. The division of labor and the economic organization meets the material needs of the society, which creates social wealth. Max argues that production is done for producing exchange value, but the benefits do not last. Max argues that capitalist economies buy labor with money because production is an important part of the development. Labor power is a special kind of commodity because it involves the special kind of abilities of human beings. Labor is a special kind of commodity because individuals should be willing to sell their labor power. Max argues that individuals and employers should meet in the marketplace as equals. Employers should be able to put his employees in the position of a buyer’s disposal. It indicates that the laborer distances him or her from labor to be able to claim rights it rights. Labor is a special kind of commodity because individuals should not sell the labor he has created (Heilbroner, 169). The individual should sell the labor power because they do not own the means of production. Max argues that some people own the money while some individuals own labor power. It is the reason labor power is a special kind of commodity. Labor power exists in the capacity of a living person. According to Karl Max, interpretation of the increase in the population is in the context of a capitalistic fiscal system. He argues that a capitalist takes a huge role in the economic sense. He feels that offer capitalist labor relative trivial share of labor productivity. Capitalist introduce more machinery in the society to increase the value of surplus of labor efficiency. According to Max introduction of machinery, creates a surplus of individuals due to lack of jobs to create balance in the economy (Heilbroner, 170). The population is a result

Answer at least 5 queations thoroughly Assignment

Answer at least 5 queations thoroughly - Assignment Example However, caution adherence is paramount when using the traits to measure origins because characteristics of men and women are different. Also, mixed ancestry may cause complications. Metric traits are sex and age discriminatory while non-metric traits are mainly age discriminatory. Conclusively non-metric traits appear to be less discriminative and are more applicable. Apes have no tails; they are large and cumbersome; the body posture is upright, and the ratio of their brains to their body is bigger than the monkeys. Monkeys have tails, smaller body sizes with relatively equal hind limbs and forelimbs order (Walker and Suzanne 178). Primate is in two groups the Prosimians and anthropoids (simians). Monkey and apes fall under simians. Primate sub-orders Strepsirrhini, (wet-nosed primates), consisting of non-tarsier prosimians, and the suborder Haplorhini (dry-nosed primates), composed of tarsiers and the simians. Simians are sub-divided into catarrhine (narrow-nosed) and platyrrhine ("flat-nosed"). Catarrhine include great apes, baboons and macaques (old world monkey) while platyrrhine (New World monkeys) squirrel, howler and the capuchin. Monkeys and apes have certain similar features which they with the other primates, such features include climbing trees, movement skills like jumping from tree to tree. They all walk on two or four legs and swaying amid branches (Walker and Suzanne 226). The primates have only a pair of mammary glands, heterodyne dentition, and all have fingernails. Monkey and apes differ from other primates with their larger body sizes, condensed dependence on sense of smell, less specified color vision. They have a bony plate that forms back of the eye socket and merging two edges of maxilla at midline forms one bone. Finally, they have longer gestation and development stages. Primates have some common characteristics like

Theological Reflection Approach on Practice

Theological Reflection Approach on Practice A written reflection on practice (1,500 words) Rational of the Theological Reflection Approach I have decided to use the Imagination and Spiritual Wisdom approach to this theological reflection because it allows for a deep understanding of the experience and the feelings involved. Then it progresses into creating an image from those feelings and by questioning the image we may develop an insight to what was really happening and use theology to help us to understand this insight. Thus, leading to action or an understanding of future actions in similar events.[1] Thick Description Someone in the church (A) was organising a surprise party for the vicar and his wife (VW) for their 25th wedding anniversary with permission from the rest of the family. They were organising it as a friend and not as a member of the congregation and therefore it was a non-church event. It was mentioned to people in the church as they would obviously be invited as friends of the couple. There was an element of tension between certain members of the congregation as they felt that it should have been done through church and this was expressed to the church wardens, who had also been asked to help with the party, and A. This led to a disagreement between A and another member of the congregation (B) one Sunday morning before the service. This was witnessed by a few people although they could not hear what was being said. It did however turn out that this issue was resolved quickly once tensions had calmed down. The pastoral situation came from someone (J) who had witnessed this altercation. J has been a member of the congregation for many years and has developed a close pastoral relationship with the vicar and his wife and the member of the congregation. She was concerned about how B had be treated through this situation. Over the course of the week various messages had been sent via social media between A, J and various others in the congregation about this altercation, the party in general and views about it. The messages had become somewhat hurtful and not appropriate. J had become quite upset about it and went to speak to the VW to ask if A would stop sending messages to her. J did say that she could not go into detail about the messages and why they had started in the first place as she did not want to spoil the surprise. It transpires that the messages continued to be sent with A convinced that the surprise had be spoiled and was placing the blame towards J. Due to wanting to keep the surprise J contacted myself. I met with J on a Friday evening in church with most of the meeting explaining what had transpired over the past week. J was very agitated and angry about what was happening in terms of the messages. I allowed her to speak and reassured her that I was listening to what was being said but clear that I was not agreeing with her opinion about A although was sympathetic towards her feelings about what had happened. I was also aware that J did not like A but the reason for this was unknown to me. Others had also noticed this dislike and I mentioned this to J. I also pointed out that A was a liked person and people were viewing Js actions as not very nice. J took exception to this comment and defended what she had said and done by saying that something had happened with A in a previous church that none of us were aware of. The meeting concluded with a decision that I would speak to A and ask for the messages to stop, that I would reassure A also that J had not spoiled the surprise, J agreed that she would not respond to any messages that were sent to her in regards to the party or anything else along similar lines. We finished by praying and J thanked me for listening. Feelings 2.1 Reflections on Personal Feelings of the Situation Personally, the whole situation felt a little petty and had no feelings towards this situation and felt that this could be sorted out. Yet I was aware there would need to be further reconciliation of J and A as feelings ran deep of dislike towards each other. 2.2 Reflection on Js Feelings of the Situation The feelings that were clearly visible by J in this situation were: Anger towards A because of the altercation with B Frustration asked for the messages to stop and they had continued Shock she had been challenged over her attitude towards A Power knew information that no one else knew about A When reflecting on these feelings being displayed I felt that the underlying elements to all of this was a sense of jealousy towards A and the VWs newly formed friendship and therefore an element of displacement by J in her relationship, which was ultimately a pastoral one, with VW. Image Based on the feelings mentioned above the image that comes to mind is: This image shows the child-like nature of the situation (the messages sent via social media), the exclusion or perceived exclusion of one from a group, and finally the two who have paired off not being aware of the person or the feelings of the person who has been excluded. Theology 4.1 Biblical Passages The biblical passages that reflect jealousy which could speak into this situation are: Genesis 37 Joseph and his brothers being jealous of his relationship with their father. Proverbs 27.4 Anger is cruel and fury overwhelming, but who can stand against jealousy? Luke 10.38-42 Mary and Martha being with Jesus Genesis 4 Cain and Abel and the jealousy of how God favoured them Mark 10:35-45 James and John asking to sit at the right and left hand of Jesus and the reaction of the rest of the disciples Reflections on the Biblical Passage Genesis 37 The passage that I felt reflected this situation the best was of Joseph and his brothers being jealous. Joseph receiving his coat from Jacob is a sign of love towards his son to the exclusion of the other sons/brothers. The brothers reaction to this situation was one that led to Joseph being separated from his family as they sold him to be a slave. The brothers reaction could not be hidden within them but was publicly acknowledged between them and towards Joseph himself with a lack of greeting or salutation.[2] The selling of Joseph should not have happened, and was not actually planned but the opportunistic nature of the brothers, brought a situation to pass which ultimately was used by God for a greater purpose (Gen. 50.20). The hatching of a plan to tell Jacob about the death of Joseph had wider issues for the brother as their fathers grief was great. [3] The brothers jealousy led to the pain of Joseph as a slave and then in prison. The pain of Jacob in the act of grief over Joseph, the story does not tell us of the life of the brothers and Jacob but the grief would have been a long running issue within the house hold. The brothers had to live with knowing that they had caused this grief. Parallels between the Thick Description and Biblical Passage If the people in the thick description were the biblical characters it would be: A was Joseph, J was the brothers, VW was Jacob and to an extent I was the caravan of Ishmaelites. Js jealousy of A was great and in effect trying to sell A to me as someone who was of no value and a trouble maker. Reflecting on this now I could see that if this was to carry on then there could be great pain for VW in the long term and then the ripple effect of this amongst the church community. New Insights and Action Reflecting on the theology of Joseph and this pastoral care situation I would have addressed it in the following way: Not challenged Js behaviour towards A in the initial instance. I should have listened to the problem that was being raised and dealt with that in the way that I did. I would have then arranged another meeting with J to discuss her behaviour and attitude towards A. In a follow up pastoral care situation I would have addressed the feelings of J towards the relationship between A and VW. I would have asked her to share how seeing the relationship form made her feel and why she felt that this might be an issue. Hopefully over time she would have seen her jealousy was not necessarily something that should have been an issue. This may have taken a few pastoral encounters to come to a conclusion. There may have also been a need for a time of reconciliation between J and A and also a session between J, A and VW to discuss the feelings between the three of them. I would have been a good person to facilitate this as I was neutral in the situation and had a relationship with the people involved where there could be honesty and openness. Word Count: 1563 Appendix 1 This situation was part of a larger situation that soon unravelled within the church community so the new actions and insights are speculative as to how I would have handled the situation if it had continued. Bibliography Killen, Patricia OConnell, and John De Beer, The Art Of Theological Reflection, 1st edn (New York: Crossroad, 2014) Longman, Tremper, How To Read Genesis, 1st edn (Downers Grove, Ill.: Authentic Media, 2005) Mounce, William D, The Crossway Comprehensive Concordance Of The Holy Bible, 1st edn (Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway Books, 2002) Thompson, Judith, Stephen Pattison, and Ross Thompson, SCM Studyguide To Theological Reflection, 1st edn (London: SCM Press, 2008) UpChurch, John, and Association Counselors, Genesis 37:4 Commentary John Gills Exposition Of The Bible, Bible Study Tools,2017 [accessed 17 March 2017] [1] Killen and Beer, The Art of Theological Reflection, p. 21 [2] UpChurch, Exposition of the Bible, [3] Longman, How to Read Genesis, p.151

The Sedition Act of 1798 :: history

The Sedition Act of 1798 For the first few years of Constitutional government, under the leadership of George Washington, there was a unity, commonly called Federalism that even James Madison (the future architect of the Republican Party) acknowledged in describing the Republican form of government-- à ¿ And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists.à ¿ Although legislators had serious differences of opinions, political unity was considered absolutely essential for the stability of the nation. Political parties or factions were considered evil as à ¿Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majorityà ¿Ãƒ ¿ Public perception of factions were related to British excesses and thought to be à ¿the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished.à ¿ James Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, à ¿By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.à ¿ He went on to explain that faction is part of human nature; à ¿that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS.à ¿ The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union was a safeguard against factions in that even if à ¿the influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, [they will be] unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States.à ¿ What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party? Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkesà ¿ famous aphorism: à ¿When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle?à ¿ Did the answer lie in their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the The Sedition Act of 1798 :: history The Sedition Act of 1798 For the first few years of Constitutional government, under the leadership of George Washington, there was a unity, commonly called Federalism that even James Madison (the future architect of the Republican Party) acknowledged in describing the Republican form of government-- à ¿ And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists.à ¿ Although legislators had serious differences of opinions, political unity was considered absolutely essential for the stability of the nation. Political parties or factions were considered evil as à ¿Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majorityà ¿Ãƒ ¿ Public perception of factions were related to British excesses and thought to be à ¿the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished.à ¿ James Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, à ¿By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.à ¿ He went on to explain that faction is part of human nature; à ¿that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS.à ¿ The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union was a safeguard against factions in that even if à ¿the influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, [they will be] unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States.à ¿ What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party? Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkesà ¿ famous aphorism: à ¿When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle?à ¿ Did the answer lie in their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the

A discourse community and cosmetology Essay

To some people a cosmetologist may not have the perfect job. However they have been around for centuries. Cosmetologists didn’t have the name they have today, but they date back to Ancient Egypt, China, Rome, and Greece. Every culture has incorporated beauty into their everyday lifestyle. The field of cosmetology is somewhat of a more broader field than others. Cosmetologists can decide to style hair or he/she can chose to incorporate hair, skin, and nails all together. Whatever he/she decides they could most likely get a job anywhere in the world whether it be a celebrity stylist or a small town hairdresser. While a student in a Comp 1 class we had an assignment to read John Swales’ Six Characteristics of a Discourse Community, and after reading it, I realized that in the field of cosmetology we have a few of the main characteristics of a discourse community. We have clear goals, a particular lexis, intercommunication, and certain genres that are used daily in the hair industry. Methodology As a cosmetologist at Supercuts # 80201 I needed to find out if we were in fact a discourse community. So in between our busy hours I was able to get a copy of the textual ways of communication. A few of the things I got were color cards, waxing cards, price list, permission slip, schedule, and a business card. I was able to get an interview with Michele Yancey the manager of Supercuts # 80201. I asked her a series of about fifteen questions. I concluded that she was a more experienced cosmetologist and she would be able to take on any challenging task that occurred in the salon. I was also able to observe a fellow co-worker Brandie Fenelon to be a witness of someone practicing great customer service. Results After observing the salon atmosphere I saw that Supercuts # 80201 has all six characteristics of a discourse community. However my research will only cover four of the six characteristics. First, Supercuts # 80201 has a broadly agreed upon set of goals that are also the goals of Peak Management, the franchise owner of Supercuts # 80201. Some of the goals that I found are keeping the clients happy at all time with a minimal wait time. Meaning that the manager is to schedule enough stylist for every shift. Another shared goal is to make sure every client gets to experience the 360* cut. Which includes offering a shampoo after the cut and recommend products to take home and â€Å"Rock the Cut†. Another shared goal would be great customer service. Upon observing Brandie Fenelon, my co-worker at Supercuts # 80201, she demonstrated the way one should show great customer service. As the client walked thru the door she greeted him with a smile, asked for his name, added him into the computer, introduced herself, showed him to his seat, and discussed what service she was going to perform that day. When the client left he was pleased with the 360* service he received. Another shared goal is a fulfilling clientele. Without a large clientele we wouldn’t have the funds to run an efficient salon/business, and pay for the supplies that are needed to color someone’s hair or wax someone’s lip or brows. Second, Supercuts # 80201 has certain textual genres. Besides verbally communicating with each other the cosmetologists at Supercuts # 80201 have a few things that have to be done before a color or a waxing service. Before either service the client has to fill out a questionnaire, then the cosmetologist reads over the information to make sure that it is safe to perform the service requested. These cards are kept in case the client doesn’t sue for malpractice. They are also kept as a record of their history, what the exact color was/is or what they got waxed, and the outcome of the service. Instead of the client getting frustrated we can pull the card and they can initial every time they get a service that requires a signature. The cards also act as a quote for the client making sure the service fits their budget. A second way of textual communication is the price list. It is set to make sure the clients are treated fairly and the cosmetologist can make a living. If we didn’t have a price list the customer would get confused and wonder why they pay a different price every time they came to the salon. A third way of textual communication is through e-mail. When corporate decides to have a special they send a detailed e-mail as well as a facsimile of everything that is on sale. They also send mass e-mails to every salon to warn them about theft and manipulation of sales tickets and the consequences of the crime. They also send e-mails of encouragement with contests to reward every stylist that gives a 360* experience to every client that walks thru the door. Third, Supercuts # 80201 has a certain intercommunication. When a stylist calls Peak Management for help he or she has to decide what person is going to be able to best address their needs. After calling the corporate location the person needing help is to record their name, as well as the store name, number, and location. As a larger company we send out invitations to come into out salon and get a percentage or certain dollar amount off of a product, a haircut, or sometimes a color. We also have a schedule that is posted two weeks in advance. If there is a day that we need off there is a calendar close by so that we can jot down when and why we can not work that day. Finally, the cosmetologists at Supercuts # 80201 have a specific lexis that we use in our discourse community. There are two different types of lexis used in our discourse community. The first one is a spoken lexis that most people wouldn’t understand. For example we say things like 1. 5 ounces of 6rv with 10 volume or he wants a fade with finger length on top. Then there is a written lexis, for example, 1/3 7nb, 1/3 7nn, & 1/3 6rb w/ 20 vol. or h/c w/Chelsey. All of the examples are those used everyday in our community. Analysis After analyzing everything that I had collected, I saw that I have everything that makes the field of cosmetology a discourse community. After reading Ann M. Johns article I answered one of her questions. Are there layers of community? (500) As a member of a discourse community I had an assignment to collect certain things for this paper and I did find that there are layers to the community. In our discourse community we have three layer the first being Regis Corporation, the second being Peak Management, and the third being the individual salons where the stylists work. The Regis Corporation is there for the merchandise we receive and sell. They are also the ones that send the supplies that we order when we are out. Peak Management is the owner of the individual salons. They are the ones who pay for the supplies that are used on a daily basis. Then there are the stylists that work in the salon and keep it going. The goals, textual genres, intercommunication are the same through out the layers of the community, however the lexis is different. A cosmetologist has to go to school to learn hair, but to own a salon you don’t have to have the education. Therefore the people of the corporate office are not able to understand the lexis used in the salon. Regis Corporation is there to provide the supplies that are needed for everyday use. They only own the name Supercuts. Peak Management is who is responsible for marketing and the advertisements that are out there. They offer the highest hourly rate as oppose to booth rent or commission. They also set the pay rate and sign the stylists pay check. As well as providing a safe and comfortable atmosphere for their stylists to work in. They also provide the funds for the contests and bonuses that are available to us. The stylists that work for Supercuts also have to supply their own equipment such as clippers, razors, and shears for their clients. We have to provide a little more than Regis Corporation and Peak Management because we are on a level of contact with each person that walk thru the salon door. So if I am not up to my highest potential to perform my job as a stylist I may loose a client. Therefore I have to make sure I give a 360* experience to each client I have in order to insure the security of my job. In my opinion people that join certain communities are joining because they are around people with the same likes and dislikes. The reason I joined the Supercuts # 80201 is because I get to have the interaction with people that I enjoy. It gives me the satisfaction of seeing clients walking out with a smile. Conclusion Within this paper you will find four of the six characteristics of a discourse community as defined by John Swales. They consist of clear goals, a particular lexis, intercommunication, and certain genres that make the community I am in a discourse community. I hope I have helped you to understand how a cosmetologist could be classified as a discourse community. As a cosmetologist I have set goals that I have to go by in order to have my clientele leave happy and come back. Works Cited Swales, John. â€Å"The Concept of Discourse Community. † Writing about Writing: A College Reader. By Elizabeth Wardle and Doug Downs. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2011. 468-79. Print. Johns, Ann M. â€Å"Discourse Communities and Communities of Practice: Membership, Conflict, and Diversity. † Text, Role, and Context: Developing Academic Literacies. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. 500-01. Print.

Hmongs Epilepsy and Americans Epilepsy Essays - Free Essays

Hmongs Epilepsy and Americans Epilepsy Essays - Free Essays Hieu Nguyen English 111 Writing Essay Hmongs Epilepsy and Americans Epilepsy Mar 14, 2016 Hmongs Epilepsy and Americans Epilepsy Science and culture are two different fields but they usually affect mutual. According to theconversation.com, " First, that people of non-western cultures may come to western medicine holding different beliefs about the causes and treatments of illness from those of scientific medicine, causing a culture clash between doctor and patient" (theconversation.com). Sometimes, a different culture is hard for doctors to help their patients. An example is Hmong people in America. Hmong people believe in a shaman, who has the power to heal any diseases. Hmong people have particular ways to help their epilepsy patients. In the past, the Hmong had a separate way to cure epilepsy, but in the current century the Hmong have had a revolution in their beliefs regarding epilepsy. Hmongs culture appeared in ancient times. They mostly live near the border between China, Vietnam, and Laos. According to hmongculture.net, 1810 - Hmong people cross the borders of China into Northern Laos (hmongculture.net). They live in mountainous areas because they think it will protect them from danger. 1976 - The first wave of Hmong immigrants begin to arrive in the United States (hmongculture.net). This was a big step for the Hmong people. In this country, they had to learn a new language and find jobs. Also, in this country, everything is very different culture to their country. "2004 - Another larger group of Hmong people arrives in the United States. There is a steady flow every year in the area of 1000-5000 immigrants" (hmongculture.net). In this century, America keeps accepting Hmong immigrants, because they want provide the opportunity to get a better life in their country. Anne Fadiman is an author, essayist, editor, and teacher. Anne Fadiman has a famous book, it is THE SPIRIT CATCHES YOU AND YOU FALL DOWN is a book written by Anne Fadiman. In this book, Anne Fadiman teaches us about the Hmong medical culture in America. The main actor in her story is Lia, who was born in a Hmong family. Lia's was diagnosed with epilepsy when her family took her to a hospital. Her family did not believe in the diagnoses from the doctors and nurses. Her parents thought her disease was from a spirit in her family. They believed they had to invite a good shaman in their village to help her. According to Anne Fadiman, "They recognized the resulting symptoms as qaug dab peg, which means the spirit catches you and you fall down (Fadiman, 20). A doctor at the hospital tried to investigate Lia's disease history. The doctor wrote, The patient is an 8 month, Hmong female, whose family brought her to the emergency room after they had noticed her shaking and not breathing very we ll for a 20-minute period of time (Fadiman, 28). The author also tells us how Lia's parents talked to her doctors with broken English. They had to use another Hmong person, with marginally better English, to translate. This language barrier presented another challenge for her parents to believe the American doctors. Hmong medical culture is different from American medical culture. In the Hmong tradition, every illness is from the soul. Epilepsy is included as an illness of spirit. Western science teaches doctors and nurses to use medicine, but Hmong people use their Shamans to heal their patients. In the Hmong language, they have different words to call epilepsy. According to Anne Fadiman, In Hmong-English dictionaries, qaug dab peg is generally translated as epilepsy (Fadiman, 20). This word is the name of the spirit Hmong people think is the sources. Epilepsy is a famous illness in Hmong village. It is a very serious and potentially dangerous condition. According to Anne Fadiman, Their seizures are thought to be evidence that they have the power to perceive things other people cannot see, as well as facilitating their entry into trances, a prerequisite for their journeys into the realm of the unseen ( Fadiman,21). However, in American culture doctors and nurses have a different idea about this illness. According to medicinenet.com, Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain sometimes signal abnormally causing strange sensations, emotions, and behavior,

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Research Paper Example

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Research Paper Example Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Paper Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Paper Essay Topic: Great Expectations Literature The novel Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens and is about a young boy, Pip who falls in love with a young girl, Estella and inherits money in order for him to go to London to learn how to become a gentleman. Pip has many various reasons for wanting to go to London and Dickens uses powerful imagery to show how Pip is easily disappointed upon his arrival to London. Great Expectations is about Pip looking back on his life which means that this is a 1st Person novel. In Great Expectations Pip wants to go to London because of a number of reasons dating back to his childhood. He felt threatened by the convicts that he had met at the graveyard. You get me a file and you get me wittles or Ill have your heart and liver out. He is being terrorised by one of the convicts and forced to steal from his own family which makes him into a thief and a liar. Because he his made to feel a thief and a liar this is one of the reasons Pip wants to go to London to become a gentleman. This is also a threat of cannibalism towards Pip which is another reason he wants to go to London, which is because he feels threatened and is terrified by the convicts. : Another reason why Pip wants to go to London is because by going to Miss Havishams he has been shown a different lifestyle which is one that he would want. This makes Pip want to go to London so he can lead a lifestyle similar to the ones of Miss Havisham and Estella. Miss Havisham is another cause of Pip wanting to go to London because Pip describes Miss Havisham as waxwork which show that he believes she is perfect. This makes him determined to go to London so he can become a gentleman and become waxwork-like as Miss Havisham is. Pip wants to go to London because he loves Estella and by becoming a gentleman he believes that Estella may start to like him. He calls the knaves, jacks, this boy and what coarse hands he has makes Pip feel poor and like a commoner. By going to London Pip believes this will help him win Estella. Throughout Pips early life he was brought up by hand from his sister, Mrs Joe. This makes Pip want to go to London so he can live a life without being abused and violently mistreated. By becoming a gentleman he will not have to be brought up by hand any more so this gives Pip a reason to go to London. The threats of cannibalism by the convict links to Estella ripping Pips heart out in a different way and because she can do this it gives the impression that she is more powerful, wealthy and a better class than Pip which makes him want to become a gentleman so that he can be a better class person than he believes he is. Pip wants to go London so that he can gain respect from Estella and be referred to as a gentleman rather than boy and he is often referred to. Uncle Pumblechook aims a threat of cannibalism towards Pip when he says that If youd have been born a pig you would have been butchered and had you heart torn out links to the convicts threats which makes Pip want to go to London as he feels threatened by Uncle Pumblechooks comments. This also makes Pip want to go to London as he does not want to be likened to a pig because they are common creatures with a sense of dirtiness around them. This makes Pip feel like a filthy person and makes him want to go London so that he can change this. Another reason for Pip wanting to go to London is the fact that he wants to impress Estella and by being well educated and having better clothes he believes that he can do that. Pip becomes ashamed of living with Joe and his profession and lies to Joe and Mrs Joe after the first visit to Miss Havishams house. She was sitting in a black velvet coach and we all had cake and wine on gold plates shows that Pip is exaggerating and making this up because he is ashamed to tell Joe and Mrs Joe of how he was offended and made to feel ashamed of all the things around him. Pip inherits some money which directs him to London. Because of the money Pip has inherited he becomes snobbish and classes himself a better quality than the poor people living in his area. As I passed the church, I felt a sublime compassion for the poor creatures. This shows that Pip is being snobbish and seeing himself better than the people he has grown up all his life with. This makes him want to go to London so he can get away from the people he sees as poor. When Pip finally arrives in London we see that his expectations are easily disappointed. Upon arrival he goes to visit Mr Jaggers, a lawyer in London and his lawyer, and Dickens describes Jaggers room using negative imagery. By doing this the reader can see how Pips expectations are instantly disappointed and that London is a corrupt and vile place to be in. Mr Jaggers room was lighted by a skylight only is a good use of imagery by Dickens because it gives the impression of a lack of light which could lead to corruption in the legal system or corruption in London in general. Dickens uses a simile in Chapter 20 which shows how the characters all are in Great Expectations. Like a broken head links to various characters such as Mrs Joe who has a broken head because she is paralysed and to other characters such as Estella who is being controlled by Miss Havisham and Pip who doesnt know what to do in his life. Old rusty pistol, a sword in a scabbard shows the death of Pips expectations and how they are instantly disappointed because swords and pistols are pieces of equipment linked to death so could be the sign of the death of Pips expectations. Another piece of imagery used to show the death of Pips expectations is deadly black horsehair ike a coffin which could show the death of Pips expectations because coffins are associated with funerals and this is a ceremony of death. The deadly black creates the impression of darkness in London which shows how Pips expectations are disappointed straight away. In Chapter 21 Dickens uses sarcasm by using the word haven to describe a part of London. This is ironic because it is not a haven at all so creates the impression that Pip is disappointed of London. Dickens uses many words and phrases to create the impression that Pip is easily disappointed and his expectations have been killed off. Disgorged is an unpleasant word and links to the unpleasantness of London in general and how Pip has become disappointed with London. A repetition of the word dismal shows the reader how dull a place London is and how Pips expectations have faded away. The repetition adds the effect that shows how terrible London really is. Dilapidated means broken down and represents Pips expectations and how they are broken down and the idea that London is a mess and is broken down also. Pips expectations have been killed off and to show this Dickens uses a harsh alliteration of C by using the words crippled and cracked. The harsh alliteration suggests to the reader that Pips expectations have crashed down and are over. Dusty decay is used by Dickens in Chapter 21 to create the alliterative effect of the D portraying the dirtiness of London and this dirt has caused Pip to be instantly disappointed with London. In Chapter 21 there is a link to the graveyard. Unholy interment in the gravel links to the graveyard and graveyards are associated with death. Because of this link London could now be a link to the death of Pips expectations. Dickens shows the death of Pips expectations once more in Chapter 21 with the words ashes, soot and smoke. These are images linked to cremation and give the idea that Pips expectations have been burnt away. Dry-rot, wet-rot, silent rots that rot. This is a repetition of rot and is a good use of imagery by Dickens because it leaves the reader with the impression that Pips expectations are rotting away. The stench of London is ironically compared to a medicine by Pip in Chapter 21. Try Barnards Mixture links to the idea that what Pip thought would be so good turned out to so grim. This shows how Pip is easily disappointed with London. Oppressed and exhausted are words used by Dickens to show the reader how London is not what it is expressed as and that Pip has had enough of London and his expectations are dead. Pip has been corrupted by money and has turned into a snob. Dust and grit are a symbol of the dirt in London and that has stuck to Pip and made him a snob and now a bad person. Even when in London Pip is still thinking about Estella because he is in love with her. Could not bear the two casts on the shelf represents Pip and Estella and show their potential together has been killed. Shameful is a descriptive word used to show how Pip feels about London and how his expectations are dead and also his impression of London has been instantly disappointed. An alliteration of Fs by Dickens makes London sound dirty and a bad, corrupt place. Filth and fat and foam is alliteration and gives the reader the sense of dirtiness. Bulging is an unpleasant word used to describe London and links to the convict jumping out on Pip at the graveyard which by being reminded of the convict makes him still feel like a thief and liar. London is also shows to have a lack of morality by Dickens. Smelling strongly of spirits and beer shows a lack of morality and the death of Pips expectations because spirits and beer are seen as bad items. Stone building could be a tombstone which shows a death of Pips expectations. In conclusion I can tell that the Pips expectations were dead from the start of the story because the scene was set in a graveyard, which is an image and place linked with death, so it shows that Pip never had any expectation to begin with and if so they were killed right at the start of the story. Also I can see that the only gentleman in the story is Joe because he never looks down on anybody and is always grateful for what he has in life whereas Pip becomes a snob as soon as he gets money and Mr Jaggers is a corrupt character. Mr Jaggers is part of the corrupt society in London that will do anything fort money such as getting people to escape a prison sentence when they have committed murder, which is not gentleman-like. Uncle Pumblechook is not a true gentleman because he looks down on Pip which Joe doesnt. Old Orlick paralysed Mrs Joe which is not what a gentleman would do. Because of this Joe is the only real gentleman in the story. I can see that Joe is the only true gentleman in the novel because he shows compassion to the convict which many other people wouldnt do. We wouldnt want you to starve to death shows that he is a gentleman because he could have judged the convict straight away but because he didnt know him he didnt feel he was in the position to judge which proves he is a gentleman because he gets along with everybody. Another incident which shows that Joe is the only true gentleman is when he offers Pip gravy at the dinner table. This shows tenderness towards other people and he did this because of Pip being mistreated. This makes him gentleman because it shows he cares for people no matter what happens. In conclusion I can see that the Dickens use the title for irony because Pip never had any expectations. Also by starting the novel in a graveyard this shows that Pips expectations were killed off straight away as graveyards are images of death.

European law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European law - Essay Example ibutor Lyon in France is 40% of the market and therefore there could be an issue of collective dominance1 of BMC and Lyon that may well arise in this case and invoke the provisions of Article 81(1) restricting competition in the internal market. Article 14(2) of the EC Treaty defines the internal market as â€Å"an area without frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured in accordance with the provisions of this treaty.† On this basis, it may therefore be stated that any measure that has the cumulative effective of restricting the free movement of goods (in this case cars) within the internal market which is comprised of the European states including UK, France and Germany could be deemed to be violative of EU law. However EC competition law is based upon the Treaty of Rome which requires that certain objectives be taken into consideration in so far as implementing Community law is concerned, such as for example Article 6 for environmental protection, article 127 for employment or article 153.2 for consumer protection. Such factors therefore allow for a fairly flexible interpretation of competition law, as in the case of Metro SB-Großmà ¤rkte GmbH & Co. KG v Commission. 2 Monti has also pointed out several other examples of goals that have been considered in implementing competition law, either directly or indirectly and identifies some of these goals as regional development, industrial policy, protection of employment, protection of the environment and market integration.3 Such exemptions may however, not always apply. For example, in the case of A BrunsteinergmbH and Autohaus Hilgert gmbH v BMW,4 the Court held that where the exemptions listed under Article 81(3) of the EC Treaty were not satisfied, then contractual terms between two undertakings that were restrictive of competition could be deemed to be liable under the provisions of Article 81(1). A major issue in this case was the application of Regulation EC No: